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SATB Choir Arrangements

Before making arrangements, let us consider the basic provisions SATB the choir arrangements. Writing in block notation: Soprano and tenor written stalk upward direction and Alto and bass written stalk downward direction. Sets the tone: The essence of creation is to determine the arrangement based on the chord tone is established. 
 
To determine a good tone Watch for are: 
 
1. The first priority, the basic tone. 
 2. The second priority on Kwint tone. 
 3. Not recommended in tone terts (distance to three), 
4. Distance tone on each type of voice. 
5. Keep your distance / interval Soprano to Alto, Tenor and Alto with no more than 1 octave. Consider the example of the song the first bars following: 
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C Major </div>
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 </div>
The interval between the soprano and alto tones e1 and c1 is not more than 1 octave, even less than 1 octave, the interval between the alto and tenor tone g and e1 is also less than 1 octave. 6. Distance tenor to bass may be more than one octave, for example: 
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C Major</div>
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Before making arrangements, let us consider the basic provisions SATB the choir arrangements . Writing in block notation: Soprano and teno...

Staves and Key Signature

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The line is used for the tone and rhythm of writing. The difference, are required to write key (clef) to determine the tone name listed on the stave, rhythms while writing is not required because the key signature notation played not pitched. 
 
Key Signature 
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Key G serves to set the tone of G contained in the second line from the bottom or from the top line to four. 
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The key signature serves to set the tone of F contained in the fourth line from the bottom and top of the line into two. The names of the tones by frequency are as follows: 
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Stave notation above there are two key signs that the key of G and F keys The notation above shows that the key of G, and F keys are related and show that the notes in the key of F lower than the notes contained in the key of G. The names of tune arranged sequentially to clarify the position of the tone notation in the stave. 
 
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Signs are the key of C 5 (five) types are distinguished from the key mark the location on the stave. Tone is located in the front center of the notation is c1, the next pitch adjust according to the position / location of the tone that will affect the high and low tones. Because it can move, the key is often called movable clef. Key signature is usually only used for writing instruments viola and cello. 
 Form and note values 
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Form silent mark 
 
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intact 
 
half 
 
fourth 
 
 
eighth 
 
 sixteenth

The line is used for the tone and rhythm of writing. The difference, are required to write key (clef) to determine the tone name listed on...

Song Speeds - Tempo

In music, the song is called tempo pace. Many songs are upbeat, and some are a slow or moderate. While the words that express high tempo song called term. Terms Tempo In general, there are 8 main tempo term that is often used, and the rest is the development of the term date was: Speed                    Terms Tempo                    Metronome 
 Very slowly           Largo and Lento                   40 - 60 and 60 - 66 /minute 
Slow                    Adagio                                 66 - 76 /minute 
Medium               Andate and Moderato           76 - 108 and 108 - 120 /minute 
Fast                    Allegro                                120 - 160 /minute 
Very fast              Vivace and Presto               160 - 184 and 184 - 208 /minute 
 
Furthermore, the tempo of the song, is a combination of the above terms. Eg: Allefro Vivace, which means faster but less Allegro Vivace. There is also adding several other terms, such as: 
<ul>
<li>con amore - with great love</li>
<li>con brio - with life</li>
<li>Fiesto con - with a rousing</li>
<li>espressione con - with feeling</li>
<li>con dolore - with sadness</li>
<li>Maestoso con - with grand</li>
</ul>
Example: Alloy adagio and maesto. It also can add the suffix-Etto which means "rather". If allegro means fast, it means then Allegretto means rather quickly, and allgrissimo means very fast.

In music, the song is called tempo pace. Many songs are upbeat, and some are a slow or moderate. While the words that express high tempo ...

Dynamic Song

Dynamic song here is a sense of power, which is when they sing or play music should pay attention to the power of each tone. Maybe in certain parts need to be sung / played strong and the other part was sung / played with more subtle. Hard soft on a song called dynamic song. Dynamic track is determined by several factors, one of which is the term dynamic. The term dynamic is in the form of letters stands. If such an image is called dynamic marks. Basically there are two dynamic terms,  forte = strong, and piano means soft. Forte shortened to f, while the piano shortened to p. Abbreviation is always written in lower case. Regarding the strong and soft, there are several levels, namely:   
f = strong ff = stronger than f fff = stronger than ff mf = somewhat strong, or less powerful than the f (mezzo forte) 
 
p = soft pp = softer than the p ppp = softer than pda pp mp = slightly soft, or less soft than the p (mezzo piano) 
cresc (crescendo) = the longer the stronger. decresc (decrescendo) = the longer the more tender. 
 The sign for the crescendo and decrescendo expressed in the picture: 
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Dynamic song here is a sense of power, which is when they sing or play music should pay attention to the power of each tone. Maybe in certai...

Playing Cello

Body Position 
 
Cello played in a seated position. Weighing supported by an endpin, laid down on the floor, and the bottom is positioned between the knees, while the upper part is positioned in the upper chest. The neck of <a href="http://mmusic-zone.blogspot.com/2012/11/the-cello.html">the cello</a> is placed above the left shoulder. Arc is drawn horizontally across the strings. At first, she used to play with the cellist sitting sideways, because at the time it was considered impolite for women to sit with knees apart before the public. The position does not affect the player's hand to hold the cello. 
 
Very rare to find a player who plays cello upside down: this is usually due to a person's physical disability where the hands or arms would not be able to play the technique of playing in such a position, other than that the cellist also still have to reset the cello (the string positions, bass lines , sound post, fingerboard shape, and the shape is not symmetrical cello). 
 
The position of fingers in the left hand holding the strings is very influential on the resulting tone. The closer to the bridge where the string is pressed, the resulting sound will be even harder, because the vibrating string length becomes shorter. On the neck of the cello, the thumb is placed on the back, the thumb position parallel to the other fingers. 
 
Strings and the thumb is used to generate tones. His fingers are usually held the cello with a curved position, with strings attached to the fingertips. If a finger is required to play two strings to know more, then it can be done using flat. In the game the slower and more expressive, the point of contact between the fingertips and the string can be changed from the nail to the inside tip of the finger, so as to produce a better vibrato. 
 
Vibrato 
 
Vibrato is a small oscillation in a tone, which is considered to be more expressive. It is produced from the rotation of the upper arm bone of the shoulder joint cellist, who will deliver vibration to the forearm. Point the finger contact with the string absorbs this motion which then makes it vibrate. It also influences the position of the fingers that can produce a variety of tones. Vibrato is a key game expressive vibrato playing good technique is an essential element of skill to play a modern cellist. 
 
The decision to use vibrato on how often it is used, is highly dependent on the cellist's own. The lower the pitch, vibrato generated will also be long and slow. 
 
Harmony 
 
Harmony is applied to the cello is divided into two parts, natural and artificial: 
<ul>
<li>Natural harmony is produced by only a little touching (not pressing) the strings with your fingers a certain place, and then play bow (or, rarely, pulling strings). For example, the midpoint of the string will produce a harmony an octave above the strings are not pressed (open string). Natural harmony only produces a tone that is part of a series of harmonies.</li>
<li>Artificial harmony is produced by pressing the strings with a strong and pressing the same string with another finger to the weak. It will be able to produce a tone above middle C. It is usually displayed in a touch tone a perfect fourth above the stopped note, which will produce a tone two octaves above the stopped note, although it can also be played with other intervals. All harmonies produce a sound that resembles a flute, and typically played without vibrato.</li>
</ul>
 
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<a href="http://mmusic-zone.blogspot.com/2012/11/playing-cello-part-2.html">to be continued</a></div>

Body Position Cello played in a seated position . Weighing supported by an endpin, laid down on the floor, and the bottom is positioned be...

Cello Bridge Section

Raised bridge section and string vibrations flowing towards the upper end and the soundpost. Bridge mounted not by glued, but rather held b...

Tuning and Reach of Cello Tone

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Cello has four strings that have five intervals: 
<ul>
<li>Strings A (I, the highest pitch),</li>
<li>String D (II),</li>
<li>G string (III), and</li>
<li>String C (IV, the lowest tone).</li>
</ul>
A string tuned to pitch A3 (just below middle C), G-string five times lower in D3, G string five times lower in G2, and the string C at C2 (two octaves below middle C). The strings an octave lower than the <a href="http://mmusic-zone.blogspot.com/2012/10/musical-instruments-viola.html">viola</a>, and an octave and a fifth lower than<a href="http://mmusic-zone.blogspot.com/2012/10/history-of-violins.html"> the violin</a>. 
 
Some cello sometimes have to use a different setup using scordatura, two of the most popular examples is the work of the fifth of six suites for solo cello (C2-G2-D3-G3) and <a href="http://mmusic-zone.blogspot.com/search/?q=sonata">Sonata</a> opus 8 works Zoltan Kodaly (B1-F2-D3-A3) . At 6 Suite for cello solo written instrument with five strings are tuned C2-G2-D3-A3-E4. Perhaps this is an instrument violoncello piccolo, a smaller cello 5 string that is no longer used since the mid-18th century. 
 
Reach of cello tone, limited to the lower end of setting the lowest string, the higher end variants. The upper limit is convenient for cello C6 (two octaves above middle C), although it is possible to scaling up an octave again. 
 
The highest tone stop on the fingerboard is around F6, but the composer wrote some higher, Sonata opus 8 examples of Zoltan Kodaly's work using B6. Music for <a href="http://mmusic-zone.blogspot.com/2012/11/the-cello.html">cello</a> written in bass keys with key variations tenor or treble when necessary in order to avoid too many ledger lines. 
 
The composer before the 19th century embraced a deal that clearly prohibits the use of key tenor, treble keys also in the writing that was written one octave lower; except when key treble followed a script in the tenor key, when played in a written note. Its use contained in a trio arrangement by Hans Eisler from Serenade septet - op.24 Schoenberg.

Cello has four strings that have five intervals: Strings A (I, the highest pitch), String D (II), G string (III), and String C (IV, t...

Tips and Tricks Guitar Tuning

Guitar tune is an essential part of playing the guitar, as if when playing the guitar strings with other strings do not fit will not be good at hearing. Need to note that the standard tones on the guitar strings without being pressured is E, A, D, G, B, E. There are several ways you can do to tune a guitar, among others: 
<ol>
<li>With the loss (feeling) </li>
<li>By equating the guitar strings directly to the ringing sound of the piano / organ and other musical instruments.</li>
<li>With a tuning fork.</li>
<li>Or, now you can use the tuner in the form of hardware or software.</li>
</ol>
Well, in this discussion I will explain guitar tuning using hearing (feeling), because this way is easier, practical, and can train your hearing to tunes on the guitar. But the guitar tuning we have to be careful so that the strings do not break up, here's how: 
<ol>
<li>Rotate the strings first, not too tight / tense because the string is most easily broken.</li>
<li>After it came out on strings 1 (loss string) sound, likened to press the strings 2 in column 5 and the two strings sound the same.</li>
<li>Strings 2 (loss string) emitted and likened her voice to column 4 on the strings 3.</li>
<li>Strings 3 (loss strings) and equated with voice sounded with 4 strings in column-5.</li>
<li>The string 4 (loss string) emitted and likened her voice to five strings by pressing the strings in column 5.</li>
<li>The string 5 (loss string) emitted and likened its sound to the sound of the strings 6 in column 5.</li>
</ol>
 Then you try to play a chord or more, eg chords A, D, or C. Listen to the voice of your guitar strings, if your guitar sounds just right it will sound harmonious. If it does not sound good or discordant then you can repeat the strings still sounded discordant 
 
Ok, Good practice...

Guitar tune is an essential part of playing the guitar, as if when playing the guitar strings with other strings do not fit will not be good...

Arrangement Music Definition and Chord Progression

For the musicians, after listening to and explored various types of music, then the next step is to try to develop his ideas. Musical ideas will give a touch to a song as it is in the thoughts and feelings, which arasemen music.  
 
Changing musical arrangement means changing the composition of original music with a touch of their own musical ideas. A
 little picture, a pop song that sounds soft jazz, with ideas you have 
then you can rearranging the song to be a rock'n roll character.<span title="Setiap lagu memiliki jenis musik dan karakternya sendiri, seperti irama musik reggae yang asik, musik blues yang mendayu-dayu, rock'n roll terkesan realita, musik funk yang rancak, hingga musik-musik etnik.">  
 
<span title="Setiap lagu memiliki jenis musik dan karakternya sendiri, seperti irama musik reggae yang asik, musik blues yang mendayu-dayu, rock'n roll terkesan realita, musik funk yang rancak, hingga musik-musik etnik.">Each
 track has its own kind of music and character, such as a cool reggae 
rhythm, music lilting blues, rock'n roll impressed reality, the smart 
funk music, to ethnic music.<span title="Tujuan latihan merubah aransemen lagu ini untuk mengembangkan kreatifitas dalam menciptakan sebuah lagu yang berkarakter, karena proses kreatifitas dapat terbangun dari karya-karya yang telah, kemudian disesuaikan dengan pemikiran anda sendiri yang lebih baik.">  
 
<span title="Tujuan latihan merubah aransemen lagu ini untuk mengembangkan kreatifitas dalam menciptakan sebuah lagu yang berkarakter, karena proses kreatifitas dapat terbangun dari karya-karya yang telah, kemudian disesuaikan dengan pemikiran anda sendiri yang lebih baik.">The
 goal is to change the arrangement of the song to develop creativity in 
creating a character song, because the process of creativity can be 
awakened from the works that have been, and then adapted to your own 
thoughts better.<span title="Ini adalah suatu proses yang tidak mudah, untuk memperjelas apa yang akan anda lakukan terhadap sebuah lagu, saya akan memberikan contoh yaitu lagu "Knockin' on Heaven's Door yang diciptakan dan dinyanyikan Bob Dylan, kemudian dibawakan juga oleh Guns n Roses, dan oleh Avril Lavigne">  
 
<span title="Ini adalah suatu proses yang tidak mudah, untuk memperjelas apa yang akan anda lakukan terhadap sebuah lagu, saya akan memberikan contoh yaitu lagu "Knockin' on Heaven's Door yang diciptakan dan dinyanyikan Bob Dylan, kemudian dibawakan juga oleh Guns n Roses, dan oleh Avril Lavigne">It
 is a difficult process, to clarify what would you do to a song, I will 
give an example of the song "Knockin 'on Heaven's Door composed and sung
 Bob Dylan, and performed also by Guns n Roses, and by Avril Lavigne . You can learn from the song to broaden your horizons. 
 Changing Chord Progression 
 This technical step in rearranging a song, and is part of a trend to note is the similarity chord progression on various songs.  
 
To start the exercise, you can find the original chords of a song and play it. After that, feel the energy song with your character and play with another chord but with the same basic tone.<span title="Sebagai contoh: dalam sebuah lagu nada dasar adalah chord A mayor kemudian chord berikutnya adalah Bm maka kita dapat menggatinyadengan chord yang posisinya lebih rendah yaitu G# tetapi tetap menjaga harmonisasi, atau dimulai dari Chord D mayor dapat diganti dengan chord F#m yang merupakan posisi lima">  
 
<span title="Sebagai contoh: dalam sebuah lagu nada dasar adalah chord A mayor kemudian chord berikutnya adalah Bm maka kita dapat menggatinyadengan chord yang posisinya lebih rendah yaitu G# tetapi tetap menjaga harmonisasi, atau dimulai dari Chord D mayor dapat diganti dengan chord F#m yang merupakan posisi lima">For
 example: in a song tones are chord A major then the chord next Bm ,<span title="Sebagai contoh: dalam sebuah lagu nada dasar adalah chord A mayor kemudian chord berikutnya adalah Bm maka kita dapat menggatinyadengan chord yang posisinya lebih rendah yaitu G# tetapi tetap menjaga harmonisasi, atau dimulai dari Chord D mayor dapat diganti dengan chord F#m yang merupakan posisi lima">we can replace it with chord position lower at G # but still keep the 
harmony, or the start of the chord D major can be replaced with a chord F
 # m which is the fifth of the D major chord, so the results remain harmonious. 
 
 In
 changing the arrangement of the chord of a song you have to pay 
attention to the basic tone of what is used in the song and then specify
 progresion so the results remain harmonious chord.

For the musicians, after listening to and explored various types of music, then the next step is to try to develop his ideas. Musical ideas ...

Breathing Techniques - The Saxophone

Breathing
 is recommended, as in
 breathing singing
 and playing other wind instruments, is
 the respiratory system diafragmatis. The reason for breathing diafragmatis recommended as above is,
 in addition there is a greater volume of air and strong compared with lung breathing,
 also it is crucial production of sound and the 
ability to reach a 
more perfect technical
 and etude etude-existing. Below is a way to train the respiratory system diafragmatis: 
 
<ol>
<li>Breathe the air through the nose,
 at the same time feel
 the flow the flow of air
 through the lungs to the
 abdominal diaphragm (diaphragm),
 as well as feel the development of the muscles
 around abdomen (below the ribs,
 especially on the diaphragm).</li>
<li>Exhale through the mouth is flat, while realizing the flow air and deflation of the muscles in the abdomen gradually land. </li>
</ol>
After
 the breathing process is
 understood, the next exercise breathing can be controlled in the following
 way: 
<ul>
<li> Firmly press both palms on the waist, with the thumb wrapped around the front side of
 the abdomen and four fingers others placed on the back side.  </li>
<li>While
 both palms pressing on
 the side waist, body bent
 at an angle of approximately
 90 °, then
 inhale as directed above, and feel development of the muscles
 around the upper abdomen.
 with that way it will be easier to control development of the abdominal muscles in her 
relationship with diafragmatis
 breathing.</li>
<li>After doing so
 repeatedly and has been understood,
 breathing exercises can be followed by position stand up straight. To control the breathing required accuracy breathing is wrong would be fatal for a player wind instrument.</li>
</ul>

 If the above exercises can already passed well and true, then the position of playing the saxophone can be seen in the next related
 article.

Breathing is recommended, as in breathing singing and playing other wind instruments , is the respiratory system diafragmatis...

How to Hold and Blew the Saxophone

Before
 lifting the instrument out of his suitcase,
 you should first before combining with reed mouthpieces.
 Once the position reed Correctly installed,
 combine the saxophone neck (neck and mouthpiece). 
 
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Strap hanger saxophone called sling can be
 worn (worn
 the neck of the player).
 The function of the sling is to right thumb helps in sustaining the saxophone with by linking the
 end of the sling to the body of the saxophone. Then
 the saxophone body lifted from the casket is held at
 the bell and merge the agency
 with the saxophone neck mouthpiece.but mounted sling can be worn
 (worn the
 neck of the player). 
 
The
 function of the sling is to
 right thumb helps
 in sustaining the saxophone with by linking the
 end of the sling to the body of the saxophone. Then
 the saxophone body lifted from the casket is held at
 the bell and merge the agency
 with the saxophone mouthpiece mounted neck. 
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Holding
 the saxophone body on the right hand resting on tap, while the left hand holding the neck of the
 ready coupled with 
the saxophone body. 
 
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The position of the index finger, middle finger and ring finger of the left hand and adjusted precisely the right tone on the surface of the valve form a
 half circle. 
 
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The advantage of this position is to move
 the play melodic movements are rapid and relaxation during play. While the method is not recommended is the position of the finger attached to the valve tone
 straight. This
 position has weakness, lack of flexibility
 and tensions the motor nerves,
 so players feel tired Quickly. 
 The position of the left hand and the right hand little
 finger should can move freely
 to reach the keys of tone,
 namely: Left
 hand little finger should be free to reach
 the keys tone g #, c #, B and Bb. As for the hand
 little finger right to be free to reach key
 tone Eb and C. 
 
Exercise
 blowing saxophone 
  
 The tone of the easiest to
 rung on the saxophoneis the tone of "B", below are shown examples of practice blowing saxophone by using the tone "b" which is played with tempo slow. 
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Then proceed with the other tones that still use the left hand fingers, namely: Nada A. G and C.

Before lifting the instrument out of his suitcase , you should first before combining with reed mouthpieces . Once the pos...

The Saxophone Treat

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The Saxophone is a kind of musical instrument aerophone, these instruments have a source of air that produces sound by vibration. This saxophone musical instrument has a 18-20 hole conical valve / spare tones, made of thin metal. 
 
According
 to Boehm, that all the valves are controlled by a kind of key, some 
open and others closed temporarily at no time played. Saxophone consists of four parts, namely: mouthpiece, neck, body, and Bell.  
 
Mouthpiece was originally made of wood, but now there are made of ebonite and metal, glass and plastic. Likewise with a clarinet mouthpiece. Mouthpiece and reed coupled with a metal ring called a ligature as a binder.   
 
Good mounting position is symmetrical with the tip end of the reed mouthpiece or safer this way: 
 
1. Reed on the mouthpiece put it right  
2. Put mauthpiece reed attached to the ligature, not to knock ligature reed tip because the tip of reed to tear.  
3. adjust the position after the end of the reed is attached to the end of the mouthpiece symmetrical  
4. Then tighten the ligature by turning the bolts so as not to shift amplifier.  
 
Tips on Caring for Saxophone 
<ol>
<li>Using a saxophone instrument must be careful to avoid collisions with other hard objects.  </li>
<li>When finished using ought to immediately clean it with a cloth that easily absorbs water or using paper is smooth and soft.</li>
<li>Wash the mouthpiece and reed after use.</li>
<li><span title="Apabila tidak ada tempat duduk khusus, kita dapat menempatkan saxophone dengan menidurkan instrumen pada permukaan yang datar dan rata, jangan sampai ada bagian-bagian kunci yang menahan beban cukup berat dari saxophone (chase), karena bahan dasarnya terbuat dari logam yang lunak.">If
 there is no special seating, we can put the saxophone to euthanize 
instrument on a flat surface and flat, not to get the key parts that 
withstand heavy loads of saxophone (chase), because the basic material 
is made of soft metal. It is also to avoid shifting the valve and into the earpiece is not working properly.</li>
</ol>
</div>
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 </div>
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     5. Save the saxophone in a safe and dry place to keep the expansion/ </div>
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         contraction. </div>
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     6. Do not put a chase that contains the saxophone in reverse.</div>
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 Similarly, the outline of the instrument the saxophone and how to care for, may be useful for friends.</div>
</div>

The Saxophone is a kind of musical instrument aerophone, these instruments have a source of air that produces sound by vibration. This s...