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History of Sonata As a Form of Classical Music

The term comes from the Italian sonata = sonare or sounare, which means ring or play. Sonata is one of the single parts. There are several terms related but looks to overlap. First, the sonata is a multi-part forms of instrumental music that consists of three or four sub-sections up to five parts. In the first part of the fast tempo, the second slow, the third part minuet and trio, and a fourth part of the cover quickly. As a form of a single piece, a sonata form applied in various compositions solo, chamber music, ensembles, and orchestras. Form sonatas are often used in the first multi-part composition. The pattern of sonata form appears in the works of Haydn and Beethoven instrumental. Works of Gabrieli sonatas, Hayd, Pasquini, Tartini, bach, Turinin, Lizt, Hindemith, Prokofiev Domenico Scarlattim and are different from each other but instrumental sonatas remain an absolute masterpiece, has a function, and consists of several parts that contrast. Terms such as a trio, quartet, quintet, adala etc. sonata involving more than two people. In the works of Renaissance and Baroque sonatas ever used the term replaced by some other term in turns. Partita, lesson, suites and ordre is a form of the same work and is the most important form of instrumental music at the beginning of the 17th century. In earlier times, always refer to the instrumental music vocal music. Determination of the relative and Chord, the keys are clear as dominant, sub-dominant, and the relative major and minor are prerequisites for a form that contrasts tonal centers as patterned contrasting melodies. Sonata-allegro form changes to Vinnese School, through three steps, ie starting from the Baroque, smoking, and Classical. After moving to the rococo baroque and classical sonata character changed drastically, creativity center moved from Italy to Germany, and later became a piano harpsichord replacing violin as an instrument important. Canzona for organ works titled Cavazzoni Faulte d'Argens (1542-43), based on the theme of chanson, Faulte d'Argent works des Pres. From the year 1580, and Canzona shape often used for this type of enssambel instrumental. While the first use of the sonata as a title can be found in the Sonata per Liuto (1561) from the Italian lute player, Giacomo Gorzanis often at identical with Tairan set-dancing pairs.

The term comes from the Italian sonata = sonare or sounare, which means ring or play. Sonata is one of the single parts. There are several terms related but looks to overlap. First, the sonata is a multi-part forms of instrumental music that consists…

Structural Form Sonata Allegro

Forms of sonata allegro is found at the end of the works of the violin and harpsichord sonata. Baroque sonatas are several sections, namely: 
<ul>
<li>In a slow tempo</li>
<li>In the imitative character allegro</li>
<li>In the form of aria or slow motion,</li>
<li>In the allegro movement</li>
</ul>
There is a suite of effects on work procedures and rococo baroque sonatas, among others: 
<ul>
<li>Repetition in one piece</li>
<li>Early adoption of this section to the dominant or relative major transposition of letters or subject opener</li>
<li>Using subjects opener</li>
</ul>
The principle of contrast in the suite and Baroque sonatas are implemented in different key areas and not on the subject. Development that begins with the transposition of the dominant central theme appears at the beginning of the work of Clavier Sonata in G, Op.17, No.4 JC.Bach work. While development on Haydn and Mozart still dominant transposition begins with the main theme. Homofonik texture and the subject is not treated limitatif but based on phrase pattern-period. Development sonata allegro take part transposition and fragmentation of treatment motifik material that occurs in the Baroque suite, after the double barline. Sikwen transposition of matter, and imitation has been widely used with these units are more spacious and full. Development sonata allegro from development procedure ancient dances. When the classical sonata appeared after Baroque instrumental music dominance in turn to Germany and Austria, harpsichord and piano violin beat more popular.

Forms of sonata allegro is found at the end of the works of the violin and harpsichord sonata. Baroque sonatas are several sections, namely: In a slow tempo In the imitative character allegro In the form of aria or slow motion, In the allegro movemen…

Trumpet Melody

The chromatic trumpet was made in the 1700s, but there are some single songs written for the now traditional trumpet played on<a href="http://mmusic-zone.blogspot.com/2012/11/the-types-of-trumpets.html"> piccolo trumpet</a>. Some lists trumpet works are: Trumpet chromatic: 
<ul>
<li>Malcolm Arnold - Fantasy for Trumpet</li>
<li>Alexander Arutiunian - Concerto for Trumpet and George Enescu & Legende</li>
<li>Robert Erickson - Kryl</li>
<li>Eric Ewazen - Concerto for Trumpet & Sonata for Trumpet</li>
<li>Alexander Goedicke - Concerto for Trumpet & Concert Etude</li>
<li>Edward Gregson - Concerto for Trumpet</li>
<li>H.K Gruber - Exposed Throat</li>
<li>Franz Josef Haydn - Concerto for Trumpet and Orchestra in E flat Major</li>
<li>Paul Hindemith - Sonata for Trumpet and Piano</li>
<li>Bertold Hummel - Sonatina for Trumpet and Piano (1950) [2]</li>
<li>Johann Nepomuk Hummel - Concerto for Trumpet and Orchestra in E Major (Often transposed to E flat major)</li>
<li>Kent Wheeler Kennan - Sonata for Trumpet and Piano (1956 and 1986 editions)</li>
<li>Bohuslav Martinu - Sonatina for Trumpet (C or B) and Piano</li>
<li>William Perry - Concerto for Trumpet and Orchestra</li>
<li>Halsey Stevens - Sonata for Trumpet and Piano</li>
<li>Henri Tomasi - Concerto for Trumpet & Triptyque</li>
</ul>
Natural Trumpet / Piccolo Trumpet: 
<ul>
<li>Johann Sebastian Bach - Brandenburg Concerto # 2 in F Major</li>
<li>Michael Haydn - Concerto for Trumpet in D Major & Concerto for Trumpet in C Major</li>
<li>J. Melchior Molter - Concerto # 1, # 2 and # 3</li>
<li>Leopold Mozart - Concerto for Trumpet in D Major</li>
<li>Georg Philipp Telemann - Concerto for Trumpet, Strings, and continuo in D Major</li>
<li>Giuseppe Torelli - Sonata in D major</li>
</ul>
Other: 
<ul>
<li>Bach, J.S. - Brandenburg Concerto No.. 2 (Movements I and III) (very hard, typically major orchestras only), Mass in B Minor (Credo), Christmas Oratorio (No. 64 Nun Seid Ihr Gerochen Wohl), and the Magnificat (Chorus: Magnificat)</li>
<li><a href="http://mmusic-zone.blogspot.com/2012/10/history-of-sonata-as-form-of-classical.html">Beethoven </a>- Leonore Overture No.. Leonore Overture No. 2 &. 3</li>
<li>Copland - Quiet City, An Outdoor Overture and "Hoe-Down" from Rodeo</li>
<li>Mahler - Symphony No.. 1 (Movement I), Symphony No.. 2 (Movements I, II, III, V, Symphony No.. 3 (Off-stage Posthorn solo), and Symphony No.. 5 (Movements I, III, V)</li>
<li>Richard Wagner - Prelude to Parsifal and Die Meistersinger Overture from</li>
<li>Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky - Symphony # 4 (opening), Capriccio Italien, & Le Chocolat (Danse Espaniole) from the Ballet: Nutcracker, Act II: No.. 12.</li>
<li>Richard Strauss - Eine Alpensinfonie (section "Auf dem Gletscher") and Don Juan (Opening through Sec. B, Weich Solo, Solo Vivo, Sec. P)</li>
</ul>

The chromatic trumpet was made in the 1700s, but there are some single songs written for the now traditional trumpet played on piccolo trumpet. Some lists trumpet works are:Trumpet chromatic: Malcolm Arnold - Fantasy for Trumpet Alexander Arutiunian …

Form and Differences The Sonata with Allegro Sonatine

Epilogue exposition consists of 3 bars is unbelievably simple and short, and at times the game is used by 2 dominant scale in the kadens perfect. Though with different time signatures in modulating thereby increasing tension diminished chord with sukung position in an increasingly rising. 
 
The epilogue is a concluding section Codetta used Prier, is set in the game. Sonatine is simple and has a clear structure. Sonatine or other word is a diminutif Sonatina sonata, which has a meaning in proportion smaller. 
 
Perhaps the question arises out of our minds, then what is the difference Sonatine the <a href="http://mmusic-zone.blogspot.com/2012/10/structural-form-sonata-allegro.html">Sonata Allegro</a>? Here is the answer: 
<ol>
<li>Sonatine material is lighter than the sonata allegro</li>
<li>Use of introduction in less Sonatine</li>
<li>Transitions between key themes and subordinate tea sometimes omitted. </li>
<li>Cover is usually a theme or a repetition codetta kadens group, not a stand-alone section.</li>
<li>Sometimes there is a long development. </li>
<li>Coda short.</li>
</ol>
Scales down repeated movement and at the same tempo and dynamics decreased as preparation for the new section. In the classical era Sonatine form definitive stand. At the recapitulation of bars longer three bars of the exposition.

The Types of Orchestra - Part 3

Simfonietta Simfonieta is a small symphony. This form has a shorter structure of the symphony and simple orchestration. Several composers of the 20th century have been successfully using this type is Janacek, Prokofiev, and Miaskovsky. Suite Suite is a collection of baroque dance and is better known as a type of instrumental. Usually begins with a prelude and closed with a gigue. The composer then adopting Suite into the shape of an orchestra. Bach and Handel wrote numerous suites for solo instruments, while also wrote orchestral works suite. Among the most famous is the Water Music, orchestral suite in ancient style, to a royal-air party on the river Thames in London, in 1717, which was attended by King George I. Bach wrote four orchestral suites, two of which are well known, namely: 
<ul>
<li>Suite in B minor, composed of the parts of the overture, rondo, Sarabande, Boure, Polonaise, Minuet, and badinerie. and,</li>
<li>Suite in D major, has a section that is very well known that water.</li>
</ul>
This work became very famous after diaransir by Wilhelmj into the violin and piano transcription. In the modern era, the famous suite is the work of Modest Mussorgsky-Pictures at an exhibition, which was originally for solo piano, later became known as the work of the <a href="http://mmusic-zone.blogspot.com/2012/10/the-types-of-orchestra.html">orchestra</a>. This suite musically describes ten paintings by Victor Hartmann. From Maurive Ravel, there is a famous suite Rapshody Espagnole, an orchestral suite that provides four faces Spain, consisting of Prelude a la nuit; Malaguena; Habanera, and Feria. Symphonic Poem is one of the famous orchestra in the romantic era or often referred to as Tone Poem. Symphonic poem has only a single part with a flexible shape, but with a specific program, or a poem, or a story. This orchestra was first developed by Lizt, influenced by Wagner's musical flow. Lizt then eager to introduce the principles of Wagner in the symphonic music, which tells a story, and to give greater unity into symphonic music, he applied the technique Wagner leading motive. The most widely heard so far is Les Preludes, Poetiques Meditations inspired by the work of Lamartine. Symphony Symphony orchestra is the most significant form. A sonata for symphony orchestra, which usually consists of four parts: 
<ol>
<li>In the <a href="http://mmusic-zone.blogspot.com/search/?q=sonata">sonata</a> form.</li>
<li>In song form (basic form) are lyrical, followed by the theme and variations, or other forms.</li>
<li>The third part is that generally makes a minuet on the work of Haydn and Mozart symphony or a Beethoven scherzo on.</li>
<li>The last part or the finale, can be in the forms of sonata, rondo, or theme and variations.</li>
</ol>
Beethoven only wrote nine symphonies, all significant as a master piece. Each has a distinct characteristic that shows excess Beethoven comprehensively. The work of the most famous of which is the number 5 and number 9. Symphony No. theme. 5; Beethoven simple, which is said to express a knock at the door of Beethoven's deafness began contracting, it is very interesting. Something that has never been done before, is the addition of a chorus in which the 9th symphony. Among the works of Mozart's most popular symphonies to date is Symphony No.40. Waltz Waltz is a dance music in the rhythm ¾ typically used for piano music. In the formation of the orchestra, a waltz by Johann Strauss popularized and his son, Johann Strauss II, a lot of make up waltz for commercial purposes. His work concentrated more on musical and artistic terms is still frequently played under the direction of renowned kondaktors. His works are famous being The Beatiful Blue Danube; Tales from the Vienna Woods; Emperor Waltz, Artist's life; Wine; Women and Song, and Voices of Spring.

SimfoniettaSimfonieta is a small symphony. This form has a shorter structure of the symphony and simple orchestration. Several composers of the 20th century have been successfully using this type is Janacek, Prokofiev, and Miaskovsky.SuiteSuite is a …

The Types of Orchestra

Music orchestra consists of various types. Although it is always evolving, but the kind that are important to understand the following: 
 
Bolero 
Bolero is Spanish dance in triple rhythm, usually accompanied by castanets. But first created by Sebastian Cerezo in 1780. Although this form is essentially orchestral, Chopin made a bolero for solo piano. Bolero is a famous work of Maurice Ravel, was written for the dancer Ida Rubinstein in 1928. This work is known as an orchestral work later on. 
 
Concertante 
is a concerto for two or more instruments, and orchestra. For example: Mozart - Concertante in E Flat Simfonia Major, for violin, viola, and orchestra. 
 
Concertino 
Konsertino means minor concerto. This understanding is parallel to <a href="http://mmusic-zone.blogspot.com/search/?q=sonata+and+sonatina">sonata and sonatina</a>. Konsertino structure simpler than the concerto, short parts and its development section varies. Some of the contemporary French composer wrote konsertino for piano and orchestra, namely: Jean Francaix, Arthur Honegger, Francis Poulenc and. 
 
Concerto 
Concerto is works great for 1 to 4 players solo instrument with orchestra, Tapin generally for a soloist. Concerto for solo instrument and display individuality virtuositas players. Concerto generally terdidri of three parts: 
 
<ol>
<li>Using the traditional sonata form which traditionally ends with kadens. At the showcase soloist kadens virtuositasnya without orchestral accompaniment. In the first part kadens conducted improvisation, as did Mozart, but in the aftermath composer, performer, or musician, wrote the part kadens.</li>
<li>Is lyrical, sometimes in the form of the base (the form of songs), and sometimes in the form of theme-variation</li>
<li>Written in the form of a rondo accompanied kadens section at the end.</li>
</ol>
Divertimento 
Used swapped with serenade, Cassation and nocturne. The term is often applied to the composition of the same shape it was rather difficult to distinguish between the characteristics of each other. Divertimento is usually used for outdoor concerts or open space or for entertainment palace, and usually have a mild character. This form has several short sections and styles vary. 
 
 
<div style="text-align: right;">
<a href="http://mmusic-zone.blogspot.com/2012/10/the-types-of-orchestra-part-2.html">To be continued</a></div>

Music orchestra consists of various types. Although it is always evolving, but the kind that are important to understand the following: Bolero Bolero is Spanish dance in triple rhythm, usually accompanied by castanets. But first created by Sebastian …

Cello In The Orchestra

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Cello is part of the standard symphony orchestra. <a href="http://mmusic-zone.blogspot.com/2012/11/the-inside-of-cello.html">In cello</a>, orchestra seats standard, positioned on the left (audience right) front. Some <a href="http://mmusic-zone.blogspot.com/2012/10/the-types-of-orchestra.html">orchestra </a>and conductor swap positions with viola cello. The main group, or a cellist in the front pew, determine the arc game techniques and play solo. The main players always sit closer to the audience. 
 
Cello is an important part of the <a href="http://mmusic-zone.blogspot.com/2012/10/what-is-orchestra.html">orchestra</a>, all symphonic works using the cello, and some works using cello solo. In general, cello brings harmony in the orchestra section. In some performances, cello melody can also charge for a while before returning role as harmony. There are also cello concertos, which is played in his orchestra, with solo cellist accompanied by the entire orchestra. 
 
There are many concertos for cello, 25 works by Vivaldi, three works by CPE Bach, two works by Haydn, two works by Saint-Sanes and a work by Boccherini, Schumann, Dvorak and Elgar, where the cello accompanied by the whole orchestra. Beethoven Triple concerto for cello, violin, and piano, and Brahms Double concerto for cello and violin concertos are also a part, although the two works share the role of the cello with a single or multiple instruments. The composer has produced a work for cello and orchestra with a large scale. The works include Strauss' tone poem Don Quizote, Tchaikovsky Variations on Rococo Theme, Bloch's work Schelomo and Kol Nidrei Bruch's work. 
 
Single work for cello, is the most important single six suites for cello works of JS Bach (which is considered as the most important cello works), Sonata for cello works of Zoltan Kodaly and three suites for solo cello works of Britten. Other important works are Trois strophes sur le Nom de sacher Dutilleux's work, Les Mots Sont Alles work Berio, Ligeti and Carter sonata works and Nomos Alpha and the works of Xenakis Kottos.

Cello is part of the standard symphony orchestra. In cello, orchestra seats standard, positioned on the left (audience right) front. Some orchestra and conductor swap positions with viola cello. The main group, or a cellist in the front pew, determi…

Music Education And Creativity

Creativity has a different definition. There is no one single definition that can represent different understandings about creativity. This is due to two reasons. First, as a "hypothetical constructs", creativity is a complex psychological domains and multidimensional, that explains a variety of different interpretations. Second, definitions of creativity put pressure varies, depending on the theoretical basis of the definition of who is a mold maker. Definitions of creativity can be distinguished into the dimensions of person, process, product and press. Rhodes cites the fourth dimension of creativity as "the four P's of creativity". Definition that emphasizes creativity in person dimensions proposed by Guilford: creativity on capacity features his creativity. Other definitions put emphasis on process: creativity is a real person in the process of eloquence, and the flexibility originalitas think. Ability to produce something new in life. The bottom line is creativity's ability to produce something new, whether it be an idea as well as real work, which is relatively different from what preceded it or a part of the creative product. The existence of creative products can be new or unprecedented. But usually people look at the creative product has a new nature and that the marked products, processes or creative people. New attribute has several features such as: 
<ul>
<li>Its new products at all that did not previously exist</li>
<li>Products with new properties as a result of a combination of pre-existing products</li>
<li>a new product as a result of a renewal (innovation) and development (evolution) of an existing case.</li>
</ul>
In the field of music, as in the case of dance, chemistry or mathematics, art, and poetry, there is a specific term creativity from all sorts of fields. In music, we're talking about sound, or create, improvise, arransemen, catering and so on. Mozart is a composer who makes or creates many musical compositions, among them the Sonata. As revealed by Elliot (1995), that drawing, writing, speaking, breathing, and so is the medium term creativity analogy, because according to the Elliot case individually controlled by the individual. But the creativity of what we mean when Mozart created music composition? According to Elliot (1995), creativity has a relationship with a tangible product. So in the context of Mozart, we use the term creativity associated with tangible products, namely the availability of music composition Sonata. As explained in the definitions above, including Elliot creativity, creativity that make or do something that results are the product of expensive yangtangible value, usefulness, and uncommon. Implications for education, that music education is a means of creativity of children, so that children can think of the future or thinking converges towards a specific answer based on the information provided. Then through music education a child can think divergent or have children create a wide range of thinking alternative answers to a question.

Creativity has a different definition. There is no one single definition that can represent different understandings about creativity. This is due to two reasons.First, as a "hypothetical constructs", creativity is a complex psychological domains and…

History of Music

The Renaissance (ca.1300-1600) 
 <span title="Pada zamaan renaisan, vocal lebuh di pentingkan dari pada 
instrument musik, sehingga composer lebih memperhatikan syair untuk 
meningkatkan kualitas syair dan emosi, sedangkan unsure dinamik yang di 
gunakan masih sangat sederhana masih seputar P,mP,F,mF">In zamaan 
renaissance, in the most important: take more vocal than instrumental 
music, so the composer more attention to poetry to improve the quality 
of poetry and emotion, while the dynamic elements that are in use are 
very simple still around P, mP, F, nFcharacteristic
 of this age is the acappella music or singing without instrumental 
accompaniment, but using a good harmonization techniques.   
 
Techniques used include: 1.choral or 4,5,6 
type of music that sounds2.polyphonic (many voices) examples of melodic singing in the
 group with less variety in one kesartuan3.texturnya 
homoponik with a barrage of chords4.wilayah tone over 4 octaves 
 This era's music composer created
 more songs for religious purposes or worship Composers 
in the Age of the Renaissance include: 1. Giovanni Gabrieli 
(1557 - 1612) from Italy.2. Galilei (1533 - 1591) from 
Italy.3. Claudio Monteverdi (1567 - 1643)
 from Venice.4. Jean Baptiste Lully (1632 - 
1687) of France. 
 • 
Baroque and Rococo PeriodBoth 
flow is nearly the same nature, that is the use of ornamental (Ornament 
Music). The 
difference is that wearing ornamental Baroque music that deserahkan on 
spontaneous improvisation by the players, while all the trimmings 
ornamental rococo music recorded. 
 characteristics of contemporary 
music is bass kontinuo, it is indicated by pengtingnya bass in baroque 
music,da rococo 
baroque composer:- Johan
 Sebastian Bach- George 
Fredrick Haendel 
 • 
Classical Period (1750 - 1820)In classical times this was 
an age where the instruments of the piano began to emerge, the precursor
 of the piano before a piano is Harpsicord. 
 <span title="Komposisi instrument periode klasik terdiri dari beberapa bagian 
yang kontras dari tempo dan karakter, perubahan nuansa dalam dinamik 
dengan gaya berangsur-angsur dari lembut berangsur menjadi keras dan 
sebaliknya, dari cepat berangsur menjadi lambat dan sebaliknya.">The 
composition of the classical period instrument consists of several parts
 that contrast of tempo and character, changing the feel of the dynamic 
style of soft fade gradually becoming harder and vice versa, from fast 
to slow gradually and vice versa. Similarly, the rhythmic pattern, the use of sign 
isstirahat, syncope not change the length to short notes. 
 In
 this period also marked by berahirnya composition and continue using 
the bass crescendo and decrescendo marks munculah. Forms of classical music1.Fast movement2.Slow movement3.Dance related movement4.Face movement 
 Forms of sonata composition consists of three
 parts. 
 1. Exposition <span title="Eksposisi adalah bagian awal dari lagu bentuk sonata yang biasa 
nya menggambarkan nuansa penuh semangat dan terbagi menjadi beberapa 
tema yaitu tema pokok, bridge, tema kedua, dan tema penutup.">The 
exposition is the beginning of the song his usual sonata form describing
 the nuances of passion and divided into several themes, namely the main
 theme, bridge, second theme, and the theme of the cover.  
2. Development This section is a description of the theme or the 
development of exposition in the form of motifs into motif  
3. Recapitulation This section will track back to
 the exposition but modified modification in certain parts.  
4. Coda   
Coda is a cover song of the whole series.Famous composers of the 
classical eraW.A MozartBethovenJ. Haydn 
 • Romantic Period (1820 - 1900)<span title="Cirikhas 
musik pada zaman ini adalah chromatic atau nada nada yang menjalar 
dengan jarak setengah, dinamik yang berubah ekstrim dari ff menjadi pp, 
accelerando dan ritardando dan kebebasan tempo di atur oleh sipemain 
sendiri, guna penyajian ekspresi.">Typically this era's music is 
chromatic or ringing tone that extends the half distance, which changes 
the dynamic extremes of ff to pp, accelerando and ritardando and freedom
 sipemain tempo is set by himself, for the presentation of expression. 
<span title="Cirikhas 
musik pada zaman ini adalah chromatic atau nada nada yang menjalar 
dengan jarak setengah, dinamik yang berubah ekstrim dari ff menjadi pp, 
accelerando dan ritardando dan kebebasan tempo di atur oleh sipemain 
sendiri, guna penyajian ekspresi."> Composers of this period are:F. ChopinF. MendelsonJ. Brahms Corbis 
 • Modern Period (1900 - 
present)<span title="Musik pada Zaman ini tidak mengakui 
adanay hokum-hukum dan peraturan-peraturan, karena kemajuan ilmu dan 
teknologi yang semakin pesat, misalnya penemuan dibidang teknik seperti 
Film, Radio, dan Televisi.">Music in the Age of adanay law does not 
recognize such laws and regulations, for the advancement of science and 
technology is rapidly increasing, for example, the discovery of such 
techniques in the field of Film, Radio, and Television. At
 this time people want to express something freely. 
 Composers in the Modern 
Age:1. Claude Achille Debussy from France2. Bella 
Bartok from Honggaria.3. Maurice Ravel from the French.4. Fedorovinsky
 Igor from Russia5. Benjamin Britten Edward of 
England

The Renaissance (ca.1300-1600)

Tuning and Reach of Cello Tone

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Cello has four strings that have five intervals: 
<ul>
<li>Strings A (I, the highest pitch),</li>
<li>String D (II),</li>
<li>G string (III), and</li>
<li>String C (IV, the lowest tone).</li>
</ul>
A string tuned to pitch A3 (just below middle C), G-string five times lower in D3, G string five times lower in G2, and the string C at C2 (two octaves below middle C). The strings an octave lower than the <a href="http://mmusic-zone.blogspot.com/2012/10/musical-instruments-viola.html">viola</a>, and an octave and a fifth lower than<a href="http://mmusic-zone.blogspot.com/2012/10/history-of-violins.html"> the violin</a>. 
 
Some cello sometimes have to use a different setup using scordatura, two of the most popular examples is the work of the fifth of six suites for solo cello (C2-G2-D3-G3) and <a href="http://mmusic-zone.blogspot.com/search/?q=sonata">Sonata</a> opus 8 works Zoltan Kodaly (B1-F2-D3-A3) . At 6 Suite for cello solo written instrument with five strings are tuned C2-G2-D3-A3-E4. Perhaps this is an instrument violoncello piccolo, a smaller cello 5 string that is no longer used since the mid-18th century. 
 
Reach of cello tone, limited to the lower end of setting the lowest string, the higher end variants. The upper limit is convenient for cello C6 (two octaves above middle C), although it is possible to scaling up an octave again. 
 
The highest tone stop on the fingerboard is around F6, but the composer wrote some higher, Sonata opus 8 examples of Zoltan Kodaly's work using B6. Music for <a href="http://mmusic-zone.blogspot.com/2012/11/the-cello.html">cello</a> written in bass keys with key variations tenor or treble when necessary in order to avoid too many ledger lines. 
 
The composer before the 19th century embraced a deal that clearly prohibits the use of key tenor, treble keys also in the writing that was written one octave lower; except when key treble followed a script in the tenor key, when played in a written note. Its use contained in a trio arrangement by Hans Eisler from Serenade septet - op.24 Schoenberg.

Cello has four strings that have five intervals: Strings A (I, the highest pitch), String D (II), G string (III), and String C (IV, the lowest tone). A string tuned to pitch A3 (just below middle C), G-string five times lower in D3, G string five ti…

History of Violins

At first violin is used with other musical instruments to accompany the dance. When the violin was considered a <a href="http://mmusic-zone.blogspot.com/search/label/Musical%20Instruments">musical instrument</a> from the bottom, but then became a solo instrument during the 17th century, the violin came from Italy in the years around the 1500's. 
 
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In 1600 violin gain a better appreciation once used as an accompaniment instrument Italian operas such as Orfeo (1607) the work of Claudio Monteverdi, and by King Louis XIII of France to form a group of musicians, 24 violos du rei (king'' 24 violin ' ') in 1626. The basis of the violin solo instrument concerto, concerto grosso, sonata, trio sonatas, and fit as good as that used in the opera. 
 
The first violin maker from Northern Italy is Gasparo da Salo them (1540-1609) and Giovanni Maggini (1579-1630) from Brescia, and Andrea Amati of Cremona. History sized violin shorter; neck is thicker and less turning backward from the surface violin; boards shorter fingers and dawainya made purely from animal intestines. The first violin bow also has a different design with the violin now. It changes the fundamental constructive, which produce sounds louder, louder, and better tone. 
 
In the mid-18th century, the violin is the most popular solo instrument in Europe. Used as a musical instrument orchestra violin, an instrument that played the most important Baroque and Classical era (1750-1820), and the modern orchestra also still become the most important role to play. 
 
In the 20th century, the violin reached new artistic value and high technique in the hands of the American violinist, Isaac Stern and Yehudi Menuhin, Fritz Kreisler Austrian descent, Jascha Heifetz Russian descent, Nathan Milstein and Mischa Elman, biolis Hungarian Joseph Szigeti, and David Oitsrakh from Russia. 
 
Among the sole creator and the creator's works for violin are Bach, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, and Ludwig van Beethoven: in Austria was Franz Schubert, Germany represented by Johannes Brahms, Felix Mendelssohn and Robert Schumann, and from Russia is Peter llyich Tchaikovsky in an era filled with romance; Claude Debussy meakili France, while Austria was Arnold Schoenberg, Bela Bartok was Hungarian, and Russia represented by Igor Stravinsky in the 20th century.

At first violin is used with other musical instruments to accompany the dance. When the violin was considered a musical instrument from the bottom, but then became a solo instrument during the 17th century, the violin came from Italy in the years aro…

Mystery Songs of Beethoven: The Genius Composer

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Extraordinary musician, Ludwig van Beethoven was born in 1770 in Bonn, Germany. Of small already evident brilliant musical talent. Beethoven is also reflected in the ability of the music book creations first appeared in 1783. Beethoven learned a lot of famous musicians such as Mozart. His meeting with Beethoven Mozart occurred when a teenager. But it was only brief. <a href="http://mmusic-zone.blogspot.com/2012/10/history-of-classical-music-orchestra.html" target="_blank">Ludwig van Beethoven</a> none other than the great composer who creates his works through a rhythm track. Beethoven was a composer who came from Germany. Many people who claim that he is a genius, because his skills are amazing in the main set the tone. Just imagine the songs coming from the 18th century are still popular today. High sense of Beethoven's music as a piano player is very impressive people who hear. He managed both as a player and teacher. Keep pushing musical ability to create music. Do not stop there, entering their mid-twenties upwards, he was able to publish and sell books his music without any difficulty. When Beethoven lived at the end of the twenties, he signs with hearing trouble began to appear. Of course this is very troubling symptoms of the young composers. Deaf for a music creator truly a disaster. Until one day Beethoven wanted to commit suicide. Fortunately, it did not happen. Between the years 1802-1815, during the mid-career, Beethoven had to rest because the disease is getting worse. It was even difficult to hear. Beethoven confidence began to decline. He was afraid to meet with people and really become a deaf. Never again engaging with the community. But Beethoven still trying to create great works. Works of Beethoven's music continues to grow. Time passed, but the attention it receives more and more reduced. Supposedly, he became a composer who popular. But his work is known only continue towards success. In the forties Beethoven, Beethoven's hearing was not functioning. As a result, he never again appeared in public and getting away from society. The result of his work the less and the more difficult to understand. Since then he created the music but only for himself and some listeners who have an ideal future. He once told a music critic, "this is not my creations for you but for the time after you." Beethoven considered to produce creations that are not just the same as what was produced earlier, but his greatest work. In 1827, he died in Vienna at the age of fifty-seven years. During his life has produced 9 Beethoven symphonies, 32 piano sonatas, five piano concertos, 10 sonatas for piano and violin, string quartet series of stunning, vocal music, musical theater, and more. However, more important than the number of creation is in terms of quality. His work is an incredible combination of deep feeling. Beethoven demonstrate that instrumental music could no longer be regarded as having artistic value number two. It proved that the formulation of the composition of instrumental music that has raised it to a level that is very high artistic value. The following are the works of Beethoven are very popular until now: 
 
<ol>
<li>Moonlight Sonata is a very good song to listen to. Some even say that the melody in this song is able to increase IQ.</li>
<li>Fur Elise song Well this one may not be familiar to your ears because, this song often in the music box.</li>
<li>Turkish March This song has a very fast tempo, it may be very difficult for a pianist to play petty, Turkish march also familiar, because it is often played on tv.</li>
</ol>
This title is the German language which means "For Elise". Actually, this song is the popular name of "Bagatelle in A minor", a solo piano music by Ludwig van Beethoven, written around the year 1810. No one can play the song Fur Elise? Beethoven Researchers do not know who exactly is Elise. There is a well-known theory says that in the beginning the work entitled "Für Therese". Therese Malfatti Therese question is Rohrenbach von zu Dezza (1792-1851), a woman who wants to marry Beethoven in 1810. Unfortunately, she marries another man before Beethoven expressed her feelings of love. Therese was the daughter of a merchant from Vienna, Jacob Malfatti von Rohrenbach (1769-1829). When the work was published in 1865, its inventor, Ludwig Nohl, one copy so the title became "Für Elise" and autograph was gone. Für Elise famous melodies hint woman who loved Beethoven's initials. The melody begins with the tone of the E - D # - E, or enharmoni E - E? - E. Well, it's in German melody together with E - Es - E, the letter which became the tone of the song or even the name Therese Elise.

Extraordinary musician, Ludwig van Beethoven was born in 1770 in Bonn, Germany. Of small already evident brilliant musical talent. Beethoven is also reflected in the ability of the music book creations first appeared in 1783. Beethoven learned a lot…

Viola and Orchestra

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Mozart in Sinfonia Concertante for Violin, Viola and Orchestra in Es major, wrote the viola part in D major and requested that the viola strings raised a semi-tone. The goal is to produce a better sound viola so not drowned out by the other instruments in the ensemble. In under certain circumstances, can be tuned to C string tone D. 
 
At the beginning of <a href="http://mmusic-zone.blogspot.com/2012/10/what-is-orchestra.html">the orchestra</a>, the viola is often limited to the harmony game with little melodic material. When used in the melodic viola, often arranged in unisono or octaves, the strings everywhere, except at the Brandenburg Concerto No.. 6 of J.S. Bach, who put two violas in a melodic role. The work is for two violas, one cello, 2 violas de gamba, and continuo. An example of the work before the 20th century featuring solo viola part is Harold in Italy works of Hector Berlioz. The role of viola is also found in several works of the <a href="http://mmusic-zone.blogspot.com/2012/10/structural-form-sonata-allegro.html">Baroque </a>and Classical concerti. 
 
Mozart succeeded in liberating this instrument from its role in the six string quintets of his works which are some of his works. The quintet-quintet use two violas, which frees viola, especially the first one, for solo passages and increases the variety and richness<a href="http://mmusic-zone.blogspot.com/2012/09/music-ensemble.html"> ensemble</a>, viola get a balanced role with the <a href="http://mmusic-zone.blogspot.com/2012/10/history-of-violins.html">violin</a>. 
 
Felix Mendelssohn also wrote a <a href="http://mmusic-zone.blogspot.com/2012/10/history-of-sonata-as-form-of-classical.html">sonata for viola</a> in C minor are very famous (without opus number, in 1824). This work has a beautiful melody among his early works, but it is quite surprising that this work is very rarely played in concert indoors. Sometimes viola has a major role in <a href="http://mmusic-zone.blogspot.com/2012/10/the-types-of-orchestra.html">orchestral music</a>, as contained in the Enigma Variations by Edward Elgar, often called "Ysobel". William Walton, Bohuslav Martinu, and Béla Bartók wrote works for viola concerto, which later became famous. 
 
One of the composers who wrote quite a lot of music for the viola was Paul Hindemith. He is a viola player who often brings his compositions premiere itself. Additionally Ernest Bloch, composer America, born Switzerland is famous for its works inspired by Jewish music. He wrote two famous works for viola ie Hebraique Suite 1919 and Suite for viola solo and orchestra. 
 
Viola is sometimes used in contemporary popular music, the avant-garde stream. <a href="http://mmusic-zone.blogspot.com/2012/09/history-of-jazz-music.html">Jazz music</a> is also interested in cooperation with the violinist, in the early 1900s to a full quartet and soloist, occurred from 1960 to the present. However viola rarely used by most folk musicians around the world. 
 
Depth research on the use of the viola in folk music was made by Dr. Lindsay Aitkenhead. The players in this type of music is Cath James, David Lasserson, Eliza Carthy, Mary Ramsey, Ben Ivitsky, Gina Le Faux, Helen Bell, Jayne Coyle, Jim O'Neill, Jim Wainwright, Lindsay Aitkenhead, Mark Emerson, Miranda Rutter, Nancy Kerr, Pete Cooper and Susan Heeley. Clarence "Gatemouth" Brown was the viola's most prominent exponent of the blues genre.

Mozart in Sinfonia Concertante for Violin, Viola and Orchestra in Es major, wrote the viola part in D major and requested that the viola strings raised a semi-tone. The goal is to produce a better sound viola so not drowned out by the other instrume…